What Is Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)?
Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It affects 15–20% of children and 1–3% of adults globally. In Nepal, the dry winter climate and air pollution are common aggravating factors.
Eczema is not contagious. It results from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation and a compromised skin barrier.
Understanding the Skin Barrier
The skin barrier is composed of cells (corneocytes) held together by lipids including ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. In eczema skin, ceramide levels are significantly reduced — up to 30–40% lower than in healthy skin. This allows transepidermal water loss (TEWL) to increase and irritants to penetrate, triggering the itch-scratch cycle.
Common Eczema Triggers
- Harsh soaps, detergents and synthetic fragrances
- Extreme temperatures and low humidity (Kathmandu's winter)
- Stress, sweat and tight clothing
- Dust mites, pet dander and pollen (atopic march)
- Certain foods (in food-sensitised individuals)
- Infection — Staphylococcus aureus colonisation worsens flares
Evidence-Based Treatment Approach
1. Restore the Skin Barrier with Ceramides
Topical ceramide-containing emollients are the cornerstone of eczema management. Ceraedge Cream delivers ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids in a ratio that mimics the natural skin barrier. Apply generously at least twice daily and within 3 minutes of bathing ("soak and seal").
2. Identify and Avoid Triggers
Keep an eczema diary to identify personal triggers. Switch to fragrance-free, pH-neutral cleansers and avoid fabric softeners.
3. Manage Itch
Cool compresses, antihistamines (where advised by your doctor) and keeping nails short reduce scratch damage. Wet wrap therapy can provide relief during severe flares.
4. Treat Infections Promptly
Weeping, crusting or rapid worsening suggests secondary bacterial infection. Seek medical advice early — infected eczema may require antibiotics.
Dry Skin vs. Eczema
| Feature | Dry Skin (Xerosis) | Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | Mild to none | Pronounced redness and swelling |
| Itch intensity | Mild | Severe |
| Distribution | Anywhere | Flexural (elbows, knees) and face |
| Response to moisturizer | Usually resolves | Improves but rarely resolves alone |
Daily Skincare Routine for Eczema-Prone Skin
- Bath/shower in lukewarm water for 5–10 minutes using a soap-free cleanser
- Pat (do not rub) dry within 3 minutes — leave skin slightly damp
- Apply Ceraedge Cream generously to affected areas
- If using prescription topical treatment, apply this first before the emollient
- Repeat moisturizing throughout the day as needed
Summary
Eczema management requires consistent barrier repair, trigger avoidance and appropriate medical treatment. Ceraedge Cream by Aurelderma provides dermatology-grade ceramide barrier repair available from Stellar Healthcare in Nepal. See also our moisturizer guide for dry skin without eczema.